[1] Gross BA, Batjer HH, Awad IA, et al. Cavernous malforma?
tions of the basal ganglia and thalamus [J]. Neurosurgery,
2009,65(1):7-18.
[2] El-Koussy M, Stepper F, Spreng A, et al. Incidence, clinical
presentation and imaging findings of cavernous malformations
of the CNS. A twenty- year experience [J]. Swiss Med Wkly,
2011,141:w13172.
[3] Pandey P, Westbroek EM, Gooderham PA, et al. Cavernous
malformation of brainstem, thalamus, and Basal Ganglia: a se?
ries of 176 patients [J]. Neurosurgery, 2013,72(4):573-589.
[4] Gross BA, Smith ER, Scott RM, et al. Cavernous malforma?
tions of the basal ganglia in children [J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr,
2013,12(2):171-174.
[5] Zhao J, Wang Y, Kang S, et al. The benefit of neuronaviga?
tion for the treatment of patients with intracerebral cavernous
malformations [J]. Neurosurg Rev, 2007,30(4):313-318.
[6] 王兵,廖勇仕,梁日初. 酷似高血压脑出血的基底节区血管畸形
的显微外科治疗[J]. 国际神经病学神经外科学杂志,2015,42
(4):346-348.
[7] Ertan S, Benbir G, Tanriverdi T, et al. Parkinsonism caused
by cavernoma located in basal ganglion [J]. Parkinsonism Relat
Disord, 2005,11(8):517-519.
[8] Donmez B, Cakmur R, Uysal U, et al. Putaminal cavernous
angioma presenting with hemichorea [J]. Mov Disord, 2004,19
(11):1379-1380.
[9] Z?bek M, Sobstyl M, Dzierz?cki S, et al. Right hemichorea
treated successfully by surgical removal of a left putaminal cav?
ernous angioma [J]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2013,115(6):844-
846.
[10] de Champfleur NM, Langlois C, Ankenbrandt WJ, et al.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of cerebral cavernous
malformations with susceptibility- weighted imaging [J]. Neu?
rosurgery, 2011,68(3):641-647.
[11] Kim WH, Lim DJ, Choi JI, et al. Unusual Presentation of Ce?
rebral Cavernous Malformation [J]. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc
Neurosurg, 2015,17(3):257-262.
[12] Zheng T, Wang S, Barras C, et al. Vascular imaging adds val?
ue in investigation of basal ganglia hemorrhage [J]. J Clin Neu?
rosci, 2012,19(2):277-280.
[13] Potts MB, Chang EF, Young WL, et al. Transsylvian- tran?
sinsular approaches to the insula and basal ganglia: operative
techniques and results with vascular lesions [J]. Neurosurgery,
2012,70(4):824-834.
[14] Waldron JS, Lawton MT. The supracarotid- infrafrontal ap?
proach: surgical technique and clinical application to cavernousmalformations in the anteroinferior Basal Ganglia [J]. Neuro?
surgery, 2009,64(3 Suppl):ons86-95.
[15] Rodríguez-Hernández A, Lawton MT. Contralateral transcal?
losal approach to Basal Ganglia cavernous malformation: 3-di?
mensional operative video [J]. Neurosurgery, 2013,72(2 Suppl
Operative):ons182.
[16] Zaidi HA, Chowdhry SA, Nakaji P, et al. Contralateral inter?
hemispheric approach to deep- seated cavernous malforma?
tions: surgical considerations and clinical outcomes in 31 con?
secutive cases [J]. Neurosurgery, 2014,75(1):80-86.
[17] Abla AA, Spetzler RF, Albuquerque FC. Trans- striatocap?
sular contralateral interhemispheric resection of anterior inferior
basal ganglia cavernous malformation [J]. World Neurosurg,
2013,80(6):e397-399.
[18] Sun G, Chen X, Zhao Y, et al. Intraoperative MRI with inte?
grated functional neuronavigation- guided resection of supra?
tentorial cavernous malformations in eloquent brain areas [J]. J
Clin Neurosci, 2011,18(10):1350-1354.
[19] Duffau H. Intraoperative direct subcortical stimulation for iden?
tification of the internal capsule, combined with an imageguided
stereotactic system during surgery for basal ganglia le?
sions [J]. Surg Neurol, 2000,53(3):250-254.
[20] Matsuda R, Coello AF, De Benedictis A, et al. Awake map?
ping for resection of cavernous angioma and surrounding gliosis
in the left dominant hemisphere: surgical technique and func?
tional results [J]. J Neurosurg, 2012,117(6):1076-1081.
[21] Kida Y. Radiosurgery for cavernous malformations in basal
ganglia, thalamus and brainstem [J]. Prog Neurol Surg, 2009,
22:31-37.
[22] Nagy G, Razak A, Rowe JG, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery
for deep- seated cavernous malformations: a move toward
more active, early intervention. Clinical article [J]. J Neuro?
surg, 2010,113(4): 691-699.